Talmud zu Schemuel I 21:26

HALAKHAH: It was stated, “on the silver one”¹⁰⁶It is not perfectly clear to what this baraita refers. In the Babli version, there were no marble tables, only silver ones. In the Yerushalmi version, it either can mean that in the vestibule there was a silver table instead of the marble one mentioned in the Mishnah, or that the sentence is not from a baraita, but a quote from the Mishnah, implying that according to R. Joḥanan there was no silver table at all in the Temple, and that wine and flour offerings also had to be kept cool.. Rebbi Yose in the name of Rebbi Samuel bar Rav Isaac; Rebbi Ḥananiah brought it in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: There was none of silver because it heats¹⁰⁷Assuming one speaks about the silver table mentioned in the Mishnah, one has to be careful to keep the flour offering cool lest it become leavened and forbidden in the Temple. If it is indicated that the table in the vestibule was of silver, the question is whether putting the new shew-bread on a warm table would spoil it. Tamid31b.. But did we not state¹⁰⁸Babli Yoma21a, in the name of R. Joshua ben Levi., this is one of the wonders which happened in the Temple, that just as they were putting it down hot, so they were removing it hot, [as it is written]¹⁰⁹Corrector’s addition from B, missing in ג and deleted by the scribe himself in the Leiden ms., to put hot bread as on the day it was removed¹¹⁰1S. 21:7. The implication is that a warm silver table would be more appropriate for the shew bread than a cold marble one.. Rebbi Joshua ben Levi said, one does not mention wonders¹¹¹One may not act trusting that a wonder will occur in one’s behalf. Babli Berakhot60a, Yebamot121b, Ḥulin43a.. They asked before Rebbi Ila: If they did not have bread, may they leave it for the coming week¹¹²Since the shew-bread has to be exchanged every Sabbath (Lev.24:8), if there was no replacement available is it better to leave the table empty or leave the old bread in its place.? He said to them, it is written¹¹³Ex. 25:30.: you shall put on the table the shew-bread before Me permanently. The shew-bread, even disqualified¹¹⁴Since the shew-bread removed from the sanctuary had to be eaten by the Cohanim as most holy sacrifice (Lev.24:9), it must be eaten on the day it becomes available and will be disqualified the next morning, to be burned. But this rule does not apply to bread never removed from the Sanctuary..

Rebbi Levi said, all watches were given in the South. Rebbi Yose said, the Mishnah says so, “if one day fell between them.¹⁴⁷Since the remaining watches together get two loaves, they must stand together at one place. North of the altar is the preferred place since it is the place prescribed for the slaughter of most holy sacrifices. Since the remaining watches are not better than is the outgoing watch, their place is South of the altar.” Rebbi Judah ben Titus in the name of Rebbi Aḥa, the verse supports this Tanna: and now what do you have ready, give in my hands five breads or what is available¹⁴⁸1S. 21:4.. But was Aḥimelekh from the outgoing watch¹⁴⁹In verse 7 it is noted that the bread given was the shew-bread (which is most holy and forbidden for all except pure Cohanim.) But in v. 4 David had asked for any bread, preferably profane. At the same time by emphasizing five breads he intimated that he was dangerously hungry, in danger of his life, and therefore even shew bread was permitted to him (as understood in Luke 6:4). The number 5 refers either to Aḥimelekh being High Priest and taking 5 of the 12 loaves (Yoma 1:2, Note 167) or, since his name does not appear on any list of High Priests, he was head of the outgoing watch, having 5 loaves to distribute following R. Jehudah. The argument then is rejected since there is no support for the statement that Aḥimelekh belonged to the outgoing watch; it rather seems that he was the organizer of the service at the Tabernacle. (S. Abramson, Sinai63, 5768, 193–197.) {The medieval commentators of Samuel reject any reference to shew-breads and refer to bread accompanying thanksgiving sacrifices permitted to any pure person.}?